El ministro de Minas y Energía, Omar Andrés Camacho, detalló en qué va el proceso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia para poder impulsar esta industria como se espera -tanto en el Gobierno Nacional como entre los actores del sector energético del país-.
“En materia de hidrógeno nosotros estamos trabajando intensamente y, próximamente, estaremos lanzando algunos proyectos y medidas importantes para promover el desarrollo del hidrógeno en Colombia”, aseguró el ministro Camacho.
Indicó que uno de los objetivos que se tiene en el país es la organización del ecosistema del hidrógeno en Colombia. “Hay ya desarrollos desde la empresa pública -como Ecopetrol que está destinando importantes inversiones a la producción de este energético-. Para nosotros es Ecopetrol la empresa que ya produce hidrógeno gris y de otros colores, y que tiene todas las condiciones con la tecnología ya existente de avanzar hacia la producción del verde”.
Para el ministro “el material necesario para producir el hidrógeno verde en Colombia son las energías renovables, así que todo lo que estamos haciendo en este campo va a impactar positivamente en la posibilidad de producción de este energético. También, el lograr sistematizar lo que las empresas privadas están haciendo: nos hemos reunido con muchas de estas compañías que están desarrollando proyectos y todo se esta organizando en un ecosistema del hidrógeno en Colombia”.
Todo esto, de acuerdo con Camacho, para tener mapeado qué está pasando realmente con esta industria en el país, cuáles son los desarrollos y, efectivamente, “nuestro mayor objetivo es lograr producir volúmenes importantes. Ya Colombia puede estarle tomando ventaja a Chile y otros países. Esperamos poder dar buenas noticias en ese aspecto”, concluyó el ministro.
¿Cómo está el panorama de producción de hidrógeno verde en Colombia?
Hace un tiempo, la directora ejecutiva de la Asociación Hidrógeno Colombia, Mónica Gasca, anunció cómo se ha desarrollado esta industria en el país.
Según la experta, el sector tiene una hoja de ruta que pone unas metas a 2030 que van desde uno a tres gigavatios de capacidad de electrólisis instalada. Metas que fueron calculadas teniendo en cuenta el potencial de generación de energías renovables en Colombia; el estado de desarrollo del mercado eléctrico.
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“Porque siempre que hablamos de hidrógeno verde, hay que hablar de cómo están nuestros parques de generación o nuestra infraestructura de transmisión. Y lo que se vio es que, para 2030, una buena meta era tener entre 1 y 3 gigavatios”, destacó Gasca.
Lo que se ve desde la Asociación Hidrógeno Colombia es que las empresas están trabajando en este tema, incluidas las empresas que tienen enfoques en fertilizantes, ya que podría ser un mercado clave para Colombia.
Lea también: Colombia emerge como actor clave en hidrógeno verde para Alemania
“También hay otras compañías que están desarrollando otros proyectos: en la Asociación hicimos el trabajo a levantar la base de datos de proyectos y sabemos que hay 28 en desarrollo, en este momento. Tienen diferentes entradas, de aquí a 2050, pero vemos que para 2030 vamos a poder cumplir esa meta de estar entre 1 y 3 gigavatios de generación de hidrógeno verde en Colombia”, indicó Mónica Gasca.
Agregó que hay dos mercados: el internacional, en el que se va a poder exportar hidrógeno limpio al mundo -puede ser a Europa o a Asia-. Y el regional.
“Es verdad que Colombia no es el único país que está trabajando el tema a nivel regional, pues estamos trabajando con Chile, Brasil, Uruguay, pero cuando se empiezan a ver las posibilidades de estos otros países, vemos que Colombia es un socio fuerte, porque tenemos potencial de producción de hidrógeno verde”, precisó la experta.
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Señaló que el país no tiene una industria tan grande -es decir, que el consumo interno no es tan representativo-, de manera que lo que se produzca se puede exportar a otros lugares del mundo. Sin embargo, Gasca aseguró que es clave mirar hacia adentro: ya que ve importante que Colombia empiece a descarbonizar su industria local.
“En este momento, tenemos un consumo de 150 kilotoneladas de hidrógeno al año: 80 % de eso viene de las refinerías de Ecopetrol. Pero hay que empezar a mirar hacia adentro y revisar cuáles otras industrias realmente nos van a poder ayudar en ese consumo local”, manifestó.
Asimismo, que también se ha convertido en un objetivo clave el empezar a hablar con las industrias que producen fertilizantes, para ver cómo se puede hacer el cambio entre importar el amoníaco -porque, actualmente, importamos amoniaco gris- y lograr hacer amoniaco verde nacional.
“Desde la Asociación estamos viendo que hay mucho interés, muchos proyectos: éstos, principalmente, se están enfocando en el muy corto plazo en exportación, pero ya estamos mirando alternativas para que también el mercado local se empiece a dinamizar”, expuso la vocera de la Asociación de Hidrógeno Colombia.
Lea tambien: Proyecto de hidrógeno verde sigue paralizado en el Congreso por tiempo indeterminado
Agregó que se ha logrado, con la Unión Europea, hacer un estudio de identificación de demanda.
“Queremos saber cuáles son esas industrias que podrían cambiar algún otro combustible que utilicen (carbón, gas natural, combustibles líquidos) por el hidrógeno. Aquí hay que ser muy honestos y es que sí va a haber un cambio en el tema de precios y hay que mirar de dónde va a venir ese diferencial: si hay que subsidiarlo, buscarle una ayuda -ya sea nacional o internacional-, pero con ese cambio de precio debemos ir apoyando a las compañías nacionales para que empiecen a consumir combustibles más limpios”, subrayó Gasca.
Para la experta, es necesario tener presente que cuando se habla de transición energética se debe tener en cuenta que las tecnologías son más limpias, pero, al mismo tiempo, son un poco más costosas.
Relató que, en este momento, Colombia ve un gran interés de socios internacionales como: Alemania, Japón y Corea, que pueden ayudar con fondos para tener “una especie de subsidio o fondos” que puedan apalancar tanto los proyectos de la oferta de producción, como los proyectos de demanda.
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“Sí somos un país que tiene mucho potencial. Colombia tiene eólico, solar, eólico-offshore, biomasa, hasta geotermia, lo que pasa es que, para producir hidrógeno, lo más importante es tener una energía barata, ya que en el hidrógeno verde el 60 % de su costo es la energía que mueve el electrolizador”, afirmó Mónica Gasca.
Añadió que “entre más barata sea esa energía, más barato nos va a salir el hidrógeno. Entonces hay que empezar en Colombia, realmente, a decir: tengo el potencial, pero tengo que -como país- ser consciente que no solamente con tener el potencial, ya todo está hecho. El primer paso fue identificar el potencial y el compromiso de hacer hidrógeno, pero quedan unos pasos para, realmente, volver a esto una realidad”.
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[…] Lee también: Hidrógeno verde en Colombia: ¿en qué va el desarrollo de esta industria? […]
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